The working principle of hydraulic excavators used in coal mines（haoyun）

The editor from Shandong Haoyun Heavy Industry Machinery Co., Ltd. will discuss the working principle of hydraulic excavators used in coal mines.

As a heavy engineering machinery, hydraulic excavators used in coal mines work based on hydraulic technology and mechanical mechanics principles. Through precise control systems and powerful power output, they complete various mining operations. Haoyun Heavy Industry will now provide a detailed introduction to the working principle of hydraulic excavators used in coal mines

1、 Principles of Hydraulic Systems

1. Power source: The power source of hydraulic excavators is usually an electric engine, which is responsible for generating sufficient power to drive hydraulic pumps and other auxiliary equipment.
2. Hydraulic pump: The power of the engine is transmitted to the hydraulic pump through the transmission system. Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, namely high-pressure oil. Common types of hydraulic pumps include gear pumps, vane pumps, and plunger pumps.
3. Main control valve: The high-pressure oil output from the hydraulic pump enters the main control valve. The operator controls the direction and flow of the main control valve through the joystick, thereby determining which actuator the hydraulic oil flows to and the speed of its action.
4. Execution mechanism: The execution mechanism mainly includes hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors. Hydraulic cylinders are used for linear motion, such as the extension and retraction of support arms and the opening and closing of buckets; Hydraulic motors are used for rotational motion, such as the rotation of rotary platforms and the forward and backward movement of walking mechanisms.
5. Feedback system: Modern hydraulic excavators are also equipped with pressure sensors, position sensors, etc. to monitor the status of the hydraulic system in real time, ensuring the accuracy and safety of operation.

2、 Control system

1. Electrical control system: Through circuit connection, the operator’s instructions are converted into electrical signals, which are then converted into hydraulic signals by solenoid valves to control the on/off and direction of the hydraulic oil circuit, achieving precise operation.
2. Intelligent control system: Some high-end models are also equipped with computer control systems, which can achieve functions such as automatic leveling, self-learning and memory path, and improve work efficiency and accuracy.

3、 Walking and working devices

1. Walking mechanism: Hydraulic excavators used in coal mines usually adopt a track type walking mechanism, which provides good ground adhesion and stability, and is suitable for traveling on uneven or soft ground.
2. Working device: It mainly consists of a working arm group consisting of a bucket, a boom, and a boom. The bucket is responsible for excavating materials, while the boom and arm swing up, down, left, and right through the extension and retraction of hydraulic cylinders, jointly completing excavation, loading, and other actions.

4、 Overall collaboration

In practical operation, all these components must be coordinated in order to efficiently complete tasks. The operator controls the coordinated work of various parts of the hydraulic system through a series of control levers and pedals in the cab, achieving precise excavation, loading, and unloading operations.

In summary, the working principle of Haoyun Heavy Industry’s hydraulic excavator for coal mines is to drive the hydraulic system through the power provided by the electric engine, and ultimately convert it into the physical movements required for excavation and loading through a series of precision controls and actuators. This process reflects the comprehensive application of mechanical engineering, hydraulic dynamics, and automation control technology.